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WaterSafety

E. coli in Drinking Water

Microbial · MCL: 0 presence · 0 systems exceeding limit

Overview

E. coli is regulated under the Safe Drinking Water Act with an MCL of 0 presence. The EPA Safe Drinking Water program sets and enforces the maximum contaminant levels shown here.

Health Effects

Exposure to E. coli above the MCL of 0 presence may cause adverse health effects. Consult EPA fact sheets for detailed information.

Sources of Contamination

E. coli can enter drinking water from natural deposits, industrial discharges, or other sources.

Treatment & Removal

Treatment methods for E. coli include activated carbon filtration, reverse osmosis, and specialized media.

How to Remove E. coli From Water

These filtration methods are effective for reducing E. coli in drinking water:

Filter MethodEffectivenessCost RangeCertification
UV Disinfection99.99% inactivation$150-500 (point-of-use)NSF/ANSI 55 (Class A)
Reverse Osmosis (RO)99%+ removal$200-500 (under-sink)NSF/ANSI 58
Ceramic Filters99.99% removal$30-150NSF/ANSI 53 P231
UV Disinfection — details

Most effective for bacteria. Must be Class A rated for microbiological purification.

Reverse Osmosis (RO) — details

Physical barrier removes bacteria. Must be maintained to prevent biofilm.

Ceramic Filters — details

Pore size of 0.2 microns or smaller blocks bacteria. Gravity-fed options available.

Water Systems with E. coli Detected