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WaterSafety

Total Trihalomethanes in Drinking Water

Disinfection Byproduct · MCL: 80 ppb · 9 systems exceeding limit

Overview

Total Trihalomethanes is regulated under the Safe Drinking Water Act with an MCL of 80 ppb. The EPA Safe Drinking Water program sets and enforces the maximum contaminant levels shown here.

Health Effects

Exposure to Total Trihalomethanes above the MCL of 80 ppb may cause adverse health effects. Consult EPA fact sheets for detailed information.

Sources of Contamination

Total Trihalomethanes can enter drinking water from natural deposits, industrial discharges, or other sources.

Treatment & Removal

Treatment methods for Total Trihalomethanes include activated carbon filtration, reverse osmosis, and specialized media.

How to Remove Total Trihalomethanes From Water

These filtration methods are effective for reducing Total Trihalomethanes in drinking water:

Filter MethodEffectivenessCost RangeCertification
Activated Carbon (granular or block)90-99% removal$30-100 (pitcher/faucet/under-sink)NSF/ANSI 53
Reverse Osmosis (RO)80-90% removal$200-500 (under-sink)NSF/ANSI 58
Aeration70-90% removal$500-1500 (whole-house)Varies
Activated Carbon (granular or block) — details

Carbon is the most effective and affordable method for THMs. Even basic pitcher filters work well.

Reverse Osmosis (RO) — details

Effective but carbon pre-filter does most of the THM work.

Aeration — details

THMs are volatile and can be removed by aeration. Also reduces exposure during showers.

Water Systems with Total Trihalomethanes Detected

Cocoa, City Of

Cocoa, Florida

294,039 people1 violation
C

Gru - Murphree Wtp

Gainesville, Florida

195,681 people
C

Ecwa Direct

Buffalo, New York

335,000 people
A

Buffalo Water Authority

Buffalo, New York

276,000 people
B

Lansing Board of Water & Light

Lansing, Michigan

166,000 people
B

Wildwood City Water Department

Rio Grande, New Jersey

218,472 people
C

Alderwood Water District

Lynnwood, Washington

200,000 people
A

Tucson City Of

Tucson, Arizona

732,906 people
B

Springfield Water and Sewer Commission

Springfield, Massachusetts

167,954 people27 violations
F

Aurora City Of

Aurora, Colorado

533,407 people
B

Mobile, Bd. Of W&s Comm. Of the City Of

Mobile, Alabama

279,000 people4 violations
F

Tuscaloosa Water & Sewer

Tuscaloosa, Alabama

166,524 people6 violations
F

Lawton

Lawton, Oklahoma

92,757 people
B

City of Gulfport

Gulfport, Mississippi

75,056 people
A

City of Southaven

Southaven, Mississippi

56,000 people
B

City of Olive Branch

Olive Branch, Mississippi

54,025 people
B

City of Hattiesburg

Hattiesburg, Mississippi

43,449 people
B

Wvawc - Huntington Dist

Charleston, West Virginia

98,647 people
C

Rio Rancho Water & Ww Services

Rio Rancho, New Mexico

107,350 people
B

Kansas City Board of Public Utilities

Kansas City, Kansas

152,960 people
B

Olathe, City Of

Olathe, Kansas

143,014 people
B

Sioux City Water Supply

Sioux City, Iowa

85,791 people10 violations
F

Harford County D.p.w.

Abingdon, Maryland

104,567 people
B

Minneapolis

Minneapolis, Minnesota

425,300 people
A

Bloomington

Bloomington, Minnesota

91,300 people
A

Brooklyn Park

Brooklyn Park, Minnesota

89,995 people
B

Shreveport Water System

Shreveport, Louisiana

192,378 people76 violations
F

Newark Water Department

Newark, New Jersey

294,274 people22 violations
F

Chandler City Of

Chandler, Arizona

247,328 people1 violation
D

City of Jackson

Jackson, Mississippi

189,673 people100 violations
F

Gilbert, Town Of

Gilbert, Arizona

247,600 people3 violations
F

Clermont Public Water System

Batavia, Ohio

133,059 people2 violations
F

Atlanta

Atlanta, Georgia

1,089,893 people5 violations
F

Papillion, City Of

Papillion, Nebraska

35,000 people3 violations
F

Kearney, City Of

Kearney, Nebraska

34,000 people3 violations
F