PFOA (Perfluorooctanoic Acid)
A specific PFAS compound formerly used in Teflon manufacturing — linked to kidney cancer, testicular cancer, thyroid disease, and high cholesterol. The EPA set a drinking water limit of 4 parts per trillion.
How It Works
PFOA was the primary chemical used by DuPont to manufacture Teflon at its Parkersburg, West Virginia plant for decades. The compound entered drinking water supplies near manufacturing and disposal sites across the country. A landmark study of 70,000 residents near DuPont's plant (the C8 Science Panel) found probable links between PFOA exposure and six diseases: kidney cancer, testicular cancer, thyroid disease, ulcerative colitis, pregnancy-induced hypertension, and high cholesterol. PFOA was phased out of U.S. manufacturing by 2015, but it persists in the environment indefinitely. The EPA's 2024 MCL of 4 ppt is near the limit of analytical detection — requiring water systems to install advanced treatment like granular activated carbon or ion exchange.
Related Terms
- PFAS (Forever Chemicals) — Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances — a class of thousands of synthetic chemicals that don't break down in the environment, accumulate in the human body, and are linked to cancer, immune disorders, and developmental problems.
- PFOS (Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid) — A PFAS compound historically used in Scotchgard, firefighting foam, and industrial applications — linked to cancer and immune system damage. EPA drinking water limit: 4 parts per trillion.
- Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) — The highest level of a contaminant allowed in drinking water — set by the EPA and enforceable by law. Exceeding the MCL triggers a health-based violation.
Explore Water Safety Data
About This Definition
This definition is part of the IsWaterSafe Drinking Water Safety Glossary — 22 terms explaining water contaminants, treatment methods, and safety standards. Written for homeowners, renters, journalists, and public health professionals.